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Alexander Butlerov
Alexander Butlerov was born in 1828 in Butlerovka - a small small village nearby to Kazan where there was a manor of his father. He entered the First Kazan grammar school. After the finishing of grammar school he entered the natural-science branch of the Kazan university. Butlerov began to attend regularly lectures of Nikolay Nikolaevich Zinin's chemistry which were read for students of physical and mathematical branch. To receive a scientific degree of the candidate, A.Butlerov should present the dissertation upon graduation from the university. By this time Zinin left Kazan for St. Petersburg and he had nothing left except to engage himself in natural sciences. For candidate work Butlerov prepared article "Day time butterflies of Volga-Ural fauna". However circumstances developed so, that Alexander all the same had to return to chemistry. The only professor of chemistry Klaus needed an assistant. Butlerov agreed. In the autumn of 1850 Butlerov passed examinations for scientific degree of the master of chemistry and began the thesis for doctor's degree "About radio oils". June 4, 1854 Бутлеров received acknowledgement on getting scientific degree of the doctor of chemistry and physics. At once after that Butlerov was appointed acting as the professor of chemistry of the Kazan university. In the beginning of 1857 he became a professor. Being engaged in studying of hydrocarbons, Butlerov understood, that they represent a completely special class of chemical substances. Analyzing their structure and properties, the scientist noticed, that here there is a severe law. It laid in the basis of the theory of chemical structure created by him. He made the report on the theory created by him at 36 congress of German scientists and doctors in Speier. Congress was held in September 1861. In the article "About various ways of explanation of some cases of isomer", published in 1863 in German and in 1864 in French, Butlerov made the conclusion: "If at identical structure the substances differ by properties they also should differ by their chemical structure". The success brought to the scientist confidence, but at the same time put a new, more difficult task. It was necessary to apply the structural theory to all reactions and compounds of organic chemistry, and the main thing was to write the new textbook in organic chemistry where all phenomena would be considered from the point of view of the new theory of structure. Butlerov worked on the textbook almost two years without interruption. The book "Introduction to full studying of organic chemistry" was publisheds three times in 1864-1866. Soon after that the editions almost in all main European languages were published. In the spring of 1868 under Mendeleev Alexander Mikhailovich's initiative he was invited to St. Petersburg university where he began to deliver lectures and organized his own chemical laboratory. Butlerov developed a new technique of training of students, offering laboratory practical work. In his researches Butlerov continued to develop the structural theory. He aimed to prove that all types of organic compounds could have ramified and direct carbon circuits. His work was successful. Butlerov proved the existence of ramified circuit of hydrocarbons. In 1871 he was elected the extraordinary academician, and three years later - the ordinary academician. Through all his life Butlerov had one more passion - beekeeping. He was proud of his book "Bee, its life and rules of explanatory beekeeping" as well as of his scientific works. The scientist died of corking blood vessels August 5, 1886 |
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